橄榄多酚类物质研究进展

橄榄是中国传统的药用植物，其中多酚类物质是橄榄重要的功效成分之一。目前，橄榄多酚类物质研究较为 广泛，常用的提取方法包括温浸法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声与微波协同辅助提取法等，分离纯化 后采用液相色谱或液质联用技术鉴定多酚类物质的种类和成分，并对其抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、抗癌抑癌、解酒 护肝和提高机体免疫等方面的药理活性进行验证。此外，橄榄多酚类物质合成和代谢分子机理也已经被初步阐释。基 于上述研究报道，本文进一步对橄榄多酚类物质后续研究方向和产业化开发利用前景进行展望。     

长梗润楠扦插生根对IBA、NAA和IAA的响应

长梗润楠(Machilus longipedicellata)是西南地区的特有树种之一,也是优良的绿化树种。以长梗润楠为试材,采用U_7(7~6)方法,研究了IBA、NAA、IAA对长梗润楠扦插生根的影响。结果表明:扦插9个月时,平均愈伤组织产生率、生根率、一级根数、一级根长和一级根直径分别为78.9%~85.6%、84.5%~92.2%、2.7~3.7条·株~-1、9.7~14.6cm和1.22~1.58mm;0.75g·L~(-1) IAA+0.4g·L~(-1) IBA组合的生根率、平均一级根数、一级根直径和根长分别达85.5%、3.5条·株-1、1.58mm和13.5cm,为生根性状综合指标较优的处理组合。穗条的生根率与愈伤组织产生率间呈极显著正相关(P≈0.0000.01),二者的相关模型为Y=26.846+0.629 X(R2=0.506,R2Adj=0.484)。     

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Barodon on Growth Performance,Innate Immunity and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Olive Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,Against Streptococcus iniae

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Barodon, an anionic alkali mineral complex, on growth, feed utilization, humoral innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder. A basal experimental diet was used as a control and supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5% Barodon. Triplicate groups of fish (26.4 ± 0.2 g) were fed one of the diets to apparent satiation twice daily for 10 wk. The growth performance was enhanced (P < 0.05) linearly and quadratically in fish fed diets containing Barodon compared with that in fish fed the control. Feed utilization was significantly improved by Barodon supplementation. Serum lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased quadratically in Barodon fed groups. Also, significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity was found in Barodon‐fed fish. Dietary supplementation of 0.1–0.3% Barodon resulted in significant enhancement of fish disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. The findings in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of Barodon can enhance growth, feed utilization, innate immunity, and disease resistance of olive flounder and that the optimum level seems to be 0.1% in diets.     

喷施乙烯利对‘HAES900’澳洲坚果果实脱落和品质的影响

为解决澳洲坚果采收难和采收成本高的关键问题,以‘HAES900’澳洲坚果成龄结果树为材料,在采收期分别喷施低浓度梯度(0.40、0.65、0.90 g/L)和高浓度梯度(0.80、1.30、1.80 g/L)的乙烯利溶液,对喷施乙烯利溶液后的落果率、果柄附着力和果实品质进行了调查和分析。结果表明,低浓度乙烯利对果实脱落有促进作用,但落果率达不到生产要求;喷施1.80 g/L的乙烯利溶液2周和4周后的落果率分别达到98.75%和100.00%,可满足生产要求;喷施浓度为0.80、1.30和1.80 g/L的乙烯利会使果柄附着力显著降低,且果柄附着力与落果率呈极显著负相关;果柄附着力可作为判断澳洲坚果适宜采收期的指标之一。采用本方法采收对壳果含水量、单壳果重、壳果平均横径、单果仁重、出仁率和一级果仁率等品质参数无显著影响,且可缩短澳洲坚果采收周期,降低采收成本。     

开封市公共气象服务发展探讨

公共气象服务是为政府决策、民生发展提供的一项基础性公共事业。该文通过阐述开封市公共气象服务发展的现状,对比国内气象服务工作,分析其中存在的问题,以充分发挥气象服务的社会效益、经济效益。     

Biochar slows gross nitrification and gasses N emission via lower autotrophic nitrification in paddy soils

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Laboratory incubation experiments using 15N stable isotope labeling and acetylene suppression techniques were conducted to compare the autotrophic nitrification and...     

采用卷积神经网络构建西北太平洋柔鱼渔场预报模型

对远洋渔场资源和位置进行预报可以为远洋渔业生产及管理提供重要信息。该研究针对西北太平洋柔鱼渔场，利用海洋表面温度遥感信息和中国远洋渔船生产资料，基于深度学习原理，选取卷积神经网络构建西北太平洋柔鱼渔场预报模型。根据不同月份、不同通道构建了多种数据集，用于训练渔场预报模型。训练结果表明，4个通道组合的数据集的训练结果最优，渔汛早期（7-8月）、中期（9月）和后期（10-11月）测试样本的准确率分别为80.5%、81.5%和81.4%。以2015年的真实渔场数据对模型进行验证，模型的平均召回率为82.3%，平均精确率为66.6%，F1得分平均值为73.1%，预测的高产渔区与实际作业的高单位捕捞努力量渔获量区基本匹配。该研究构建的渔场预报模型可以获得较好的准确率，可为其他鱼种的渔场预报模型构建提供新的思路。     

Impact of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon stocks and aggregates in a karst rocky desertification area in Southwest China

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The objectives of the study were as follows: (a) to determine the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions to vegetation restoration; (b) to examine the...